Essay Louis XIVs Similarities to Machiavellis The Prince

Louis XIV was born on September 5, 1638, and ruled as King of France and of Navarre from May 14, 1643 until his death at the age of 76. He took over the throne a few months before his fifth birthday, but didnt actually assume actual control of the government until his First Minister, Jules Cardinal Mazarin, died in 1661. He was to become King of France after his father, Louis XIII, died of tuberculosis. He achieved the role of king by ways of hereditary monarchy, which is one of the ways to become a ruler, as stated by Machiavelli. Louis XIV is known as the The Sun King and also known as Louis the Great. He ruled over France for seventy-two years, which is the longest reign of any French or any other major European ruler and†¦show more content†¦Louis XIV didn?t follow the path of his father, who was a great leader. One of Machiavelli?s principles was to follow in the path of a great leader, and try to imitate those who are most excellent. Since Louis XIV became the ruler of a hereditary monarchy, as one of Machiavelli?s principles states, he didn?t have as much difficulty in maintaining hereditary states accustomed to his reigning family. Because of this, he was always able to maintain his position, unless some very excessive and exceptional force deprived him of it, which indeed never happened. Although, if it did happen, he would be able to regain his position of king, even on the slightest mischance happening to the new occupier. Louis XIV was a very generous spender. He put in large amounts of money to finance the royal court, and operated as a supporter of the arts, funding literary and cultural figures. He also kept his army in mind by building military complex known as the Hà ´tel des Invalides to give a home for officers and soldiers who had served him loyally in the army. The Hà ´tel des Invalides established new treatments frequently and set a new standard for the rather barbarous hospice treatment styles of the period. To support a Machiavellian tactic, Louis XIV didn?t have any mercenaries or auxiliaries, he controlled his own army, and was a self-sufficient ruler that didn?t rely on the help of others in battle. Also, to

Attachment Styles And Their Influence On Our Future...

Once appearing in a relationship, individuals tend to notice the innate habits, thoughts, and behaviors of their partners on a more intimate level. These innate patterns depict the individual’s attachment styles, or the â€Å"global orientations toward relationships† (14). These attachment styles – secure, preoccupied, fearful, and dismissing – surface during childhood, and preserve the propensity to affect our future relationships in society. According to the online quiz, I sustain a secure attachment style, meaning I uphold both a low avoidance of intimacy and low anxiety about abandonment. While these four categories of attachment styles cultivate in infancy, I believe my nurturing only promoted my attachment style to a certain degree. I established receptive care and safeguard from my mother throughout my childhood and adolescence, but my father marginalized me at a young age. Due to my parent’s divorce and mistreatment towards one another in my toddler years, this disturbed my attachment style. I did not desire the relationship my parents sustained, as it pervaded with negativity, hostility, and anger. Due to my biological father’s care, I acquired a more anxious-ambivalent style towards men, but it altered when my stepfather inputted into my family. My mother and stepfather provided, protected, and supported every aspect of my life, and continue to maintain a positive relationship with my to this day. Their care guides me to pursue healthy, committed relationships built onShow MoreRelatedDiscuss the Influence of Childhood on Adult Relationships. (24 Marks)810 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss the influence of childhood on adult relationships. (24 Marks) Many attachment psychologists argue that early relationships with our primary caregivers provide the foundation for later adult relationships. Bowlby called this the continuity hypothesis. 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Parent to child relationship is the core foundationRead MoreThe Deep Groove Theory : A Secure Base For Your Baby1274 Words   |  6 PagesSensitivity Attachment and independence can be illustrated by what we call the deep groove theory. Building a secure base for your baby Think of your infant’s mind as a record into which life’s experiences and relationships cut deep grooves. Suppose the strength of the parent-infant attachment is represented by the depth of the grooves in the baby’s mental record. Between twelve and eighteen months, a baby can recall a mental image of their most familiar caregivers. We call this image permanenceRead MoreAn Important Aspect Of Intimate Relationships And The Human Condition? Attachment And Attachment Theory1717 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is attachment and why is it an important aspect of intimate relationships and the human condition? Attachment and attachment theory states that there is a strong affectional tie that binds a person to an intimate companion (Sigelman Rider, 2015). One of the first theorists that formulated this theory was John Bowlby. He proposed that, based on infants interactions with caregivers, infants construct expectations about relationships in the form of internal working models- cognitive representations

Tower Cranes free essay sample

Force Force can be defined as that which causes a mass to accelerate. Force has common units of pounds force (lbs) or Newtons ? Acceleration (F=MÂ ·A). In other words 1 Newton is the force required to accelerate 1 kilogram by 1 m/sec2, or 1 pound force is the force required to accelerate 1 slug by 1 foot/ sec2. You will notice that the imperial unit for force is pounds force and not just pounds. There is a common inaccuracy in our language that is only really important when talking about physics. The word weight truly refers to a force – this is why your weight on the moon is not the same as your weight on earth. To fully understand this we need to dissect the mathematical meaning behind the force term. Two components go into calculating a force; the first is mass, the second is acceleration. What is mass? Mass is the amount of stuff present in a given sample, lets say a person. We will write a custom essay sample on Tower Cranes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A person’s mass will be the same whether on earth or the moon – in both places that person is made up of the same amount of stuff. Mass has two common units; kilograms (kg) and slugs. So a person might have a mass of 70 kg or 4. 78 slugs. For the example of weight, or the downward static force exerted by an object, the acceleration of interest is the acceleration due to gravity. The acceleration due to gravity can be defined as the pull one object exerts on another. For this pull to be felt, one of the objects has to be extremely massive. For most people the most massive object they will encounter is the earth. The acceleration due to gravity on the earth is 9. meters/sec2 or 32. 2 feet/sec2. So a person on earth might weigh (70kg x 9. 8m/sec2) = 686 Newtons or (4. 78 slugs x 32. 2 feet/sec2) = 154 lbs. On the moon the same person will weigh (70kg x 1. 62 m/sec2) = 113 Newtons or (4. 78 slugs x 5. 32 ft/ sec2) = 25 lbs. So when a person says they weigh 154 lbs they are being true to physics, but when they say they weigh 154 kg, they’re actually referring to their mass. As a further twist, it’s also interesting to note that the acceleration due to gravity changes with altitude. So your weight at sea level will be slightly different that your weight at the top of a mountain (Newton’s law of gravitation Fg = G ? gravitational constant). ? kg ? m ? . The equation used to mathematically define force is Force = Mass x 2 ? ? sec ? m1 ? m2 , where G is the r2 Stress Stress is defined as force per unit area and has the common units of Pounds force per Square Inch (psi) or Pascals (Pa) (a Pascal is a Newton per square meter or kg/m sec2). In construction there are five basic types of stress which concern engineers. These are bending, tensile, compressive, shear, and torsional stress (see picture below). For the purpose of building Popsicle stick bridges we are really only interested in bending, compression, and tensile stresses. When we take a close look at bending we’ll see that it is just a combination of tensile and compressive stresses. Of these three types of stress tensile is perhaps the easiest to measure. As a result engineers will take samples of material and, using special machines, subject them to higher and higher tensile loads until they break. By dividing the force at which the sample breaks by the cross sectional area of the sample the materials Ultimate Tensile Stress (UTS) can be determined. The ultimate tensile stress is given the symbol ? (Greek letter sigma), and essentially represents the strength of a material. For comparisons sake a sample of plain carbon steel might have a UTS of 50,000 psi, while pine (which is what Popsicle sticks are made of) might have a UTS of 1,000 psi. It is important to recognize that UTS is not the only important consideration when selecting a material, but material selection is a bit outside the scope of this summary. Let’s take a closer look at tension and compression. Tension is the stress an element experiences when exposed to a pulling force. To get a feeling for tension think about a piece of string. String can only experience tension; it is not able to resist pushing or bending. Compression is the opposite of tension; it’s the stress an element experiences when exposed to a pushing force. Sand is an example of a substance which can only experience compression. A column of sand can support a large load, but is unable to resist any pulling force. As most materials have different tensile and compressive loading potentials, it is important to know what sort of forces will be exerted on every member in a building or bridge. Bending combines both tensile and compressive forces in a single element. To demonstrate this, take a look at the picture below. It’s pretty obvious from this picture that bending puts one face into tension while the other is in compression. It also logically follows from this conclusion that at some point between the two faces there must be a point where there is no tension or compression. This point is called the neutral axis. The mass of material above and below the neutral axis will always be equal. So in a symmetrical member the neutral axis will be along the midline, but will not necessarily be along the midline in an irregularly shaped member. This simple concept of leverage can be used to explain several more complex concepts in structural engineering. The first is why it’s easier to break a Popsicle stick when it’s bent on its flat side as opposed to its edge. To explain this we have to explain the concept of leverage. This one is pretty simple and can easily be demonstrated by the classroom door. Leverage (also called moment or torque) occurs when a force is applied to an object which can rotate about a pivot point. In the case of the classroom door the pivot is the hinge and the force applied comes from the person wanting to open the door. In the case of bending a Popsicle stick the pivot is the neutral axis and the force we’re concerned with is the tension or compression on the outside faces. Moment is calculated by multiplying the force applied by the distance from the point of force application to the pivot. If you increase the applied force, or the distance from the pivot point, the moment increases. That’s why door handles are put as far from the hinge as possible – we make the distance from the point of force application to the pivot point as large as possible, that way a small applied force will create a large moment. So the Popsicle stick is harder to break when bent on edge because we’ve increased the distance from the neutral axis to the point of maximum force. Explain the difference between tensile, bending, and compressive forces with examples of the equations used to calculate each. Explain truss elements and why they are a superior way of building a bridge. Sample FEM output for simple bridge design o Calculate the amount of popsicle sticks required to make a simple beam with the same strength as a truss element. Hints on building a strong bridge o Truss o Strength comes from the Popsicle sticks, not the glue – but well glued joints are a must. Additional information: http://andrew. triumf. ca/andrew/popsicle-bridge/ http://www. eir. ca/resources/presentations/Bridges%20-%20By%20Doug%20Knight. doc

Information Security Essay free essay sample

Introduction Information security is the protection mechanism used by the organizations to protect their data from losses, unauthorized access or unauthorized modification of data. Today information that an organization has in its database is very valuable to them and many refer to it as their company’s asset. This information of the organization needs to be made available to the employees and therefore is vulnerable to security threats.Question 1As an organization makes technological advancements, its work processes become more efficient and less use of resources is required. The output of the employees becomes greater when there is technological obsolescence in the organization. Use of data and information becomes more frequent and concentrated. This data which constitutes the records about the organization and important customer data is very useful to organizations. Loss of this data or unauthorized use of this data means the loss to the organization in monetary terms also. We will write a custom essay sample on Information Security Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The importance of data to the organization depends on the type of business the organization is in. For example, an organization which is an Information technology (IT) solution provider; this firm will have everything in the form of data and its data is the firm’s only main assets. Therefore this data needs protection to safeguard it from loss or unauthorized access.The information in the organizations should be available whenever needed that is why it cannot be locked up in the databases or files. This data is needed by certain employees to perform their tasks and some data is not needed by other employees and needs to be hidden from them. If this data is made available to all the employees, it will be viewable by all of them and they can modify. This data needs to be protected and given different access levels to different designations of employees. As technology advances are made in the organization and systems are installed in the organizations to make the data available to the employees, the threat to information security becomes more.Data from all the departments of the organization are integrated in one platform to make it highly available, to keep it one format, for fast access, keep it up to date and to make the   retrieval of information more efficient and fast. This integration of data of different departments also means that all the employees of the organization will access the database. If there are no controls, the information becomes more vulnerable to loss of data and unauthorized use of information. An organization can protect against threats to information security in a variety of ways. Every threat has a different control and security management. Access controls can be implemented to control the access of unauthorized personnel to the information. Access controls can also be implemented for giving employees different levels of access to them. The employees who only need to view the information in the database will only be given rights to view the information and those who needs to modify, add or delete the records can be given the relevant access level to the database. The best way to implement access control is to create unique user id for each system user and allow each id different access levels and privileges. The user id is authenticated by passwords which is also unique for each user. The users should be trained and educated about the security controls so that they understand that different information is viewed by different users.The information should be stored in a cryptographic form so that it is unusable to someone who is unauthorized. The authorized users will be able to transform the cryptographic information into usable form. The information is also protected from any physical damage, disruptions or disasters. These disasters may be manmade or natural which includes fire, earthquake, destruction of building etc. For protecting the data against these disasters or physical damages, physical controls are implemented such as locking systems in the doors, air conditioning, fire alarm, cameras and security guards. Data recovery mechanism should also be present in the organization which includes making backup of the important data. The backup is usually made on some distant site and sometimes also at the same location. This ensures that the data will not be lost even if a disaster strikes the organization.The management should be informed about the losses of customer data and valuable information which will cause heavy losses in the earnings. The management should also be told that inadequate information security may cause theft of customer data. The customers are very conscious about the data that is being recorded about them. Therefore if their data is placed in wrong hands or stolen, the customers are most likely to switch to the competitors such as UPS for services. A presentation should be prepared by the IT personnel that should be presented to the management to win their support. This presentation should also contain the fact that UPS is better equipped with security controls much better than us which that is why they attract more customers. It should also be mentioned that the return on investment will rise as a result of more security of data, the number of customers will also rise and they will also be more satisfied than before.Question 2The collection of data from many sources has allowed organizations to put together databases of facts and information. This information can easily be abused and stolen even by the authorized employees who can use it for illegal and unethical purposes. The organization should   make strict regulations of ethics in information security to avoid illegal and unethical behavior of employees. There are cultural differences in ethical concepts in determining what is ethical and what is unethical. When one nationality’s ethical behavior contradicts that of another, difficulty arises. Deterrence to unethical and illegal behavior is the prevention of such activities. With the enforcement of laws, policies and technical controls, unethical and illegal behavior can be prevented. Laws and policies in the organization are only successful if some conditions are present. These conditions are listed below:-Fear of penalty-High probability of being caught by the management-Possibility of penalty being administeredOrganizations have codes of ethics or code of conduct to avoid unethical behavior at their organizations. Just having a code of conduct created is not enough unfortunately. The employees must be made aware of the important topics related to information security and must be trained of the expected behaviors of an ethical employee. Proper ethical and legal training is essential in creating a well prepared, informed and low-risk system user. This is especially vital in the areas of information security as the organizations witness technological obsolescence. Many employees do not have formal technical training to understand that if their behavior is unethical or even illegal.The security professionals are responsible to act unethically and accordingly to the policies and procedures of their organization and laws of the society. Therefore most organizations create and formalize a body of expectations which is referred as policy. Policies function in organizations like laws. To make the policy enforceable, it must be:-Distributed to all the employees who are supposed to comply with it-Easily understood by the readers and translated versions should be available in different languages-Readily available for reference by employees-Signed and acknowledged by the employee in form of consent letter.The course that is required to be designed for the students should not be technical and should contain the laws of states and govern ment. First of all the objective of the course is needed to be defined to the students in order to give an overview of the core ideas present in the course. Distinctions between laws and ethics should be clearly made in the course presentation for a better understanding of the future studies. Types of laws, U.S. Laws relevant to information security and privacy should be included in the course. A topic about customer data privacy and its sacredness should also be included in the curriculum. Definition of international laws, legal bodies, state and local regulations, copyright acts and UN charter about information should be included in the course. Policy and law should be differentiated and guidelines should be mentioned to design enforceable policy at organization. Auditing bodies such as Information System Audit and Control Association (ISACA) and their purpose should also be taught to the students.Question 3An organization has many assets and information assets are the least well managed although it is being recognized as one of the organizations’ most valuable assets. Information has started consuming vast resources of finance and human resources to record, store, manage, and process information, but it receives no financial identification on the balance sheet.When all these conditions are met only then the organization has a reasonable expectation of effectiveness of policy.   we are going to look at the information assets valuation methods which can be used for valuation. Using the communications theory (Shannon and Weaver, 1949), the information can be valued through focusing on the amount of information being transmitted over certain distance. It can be measured in volume of data per second that is transmitted over a distance. However this method of valuation is not so effective because the content and its usefulness is not being taken into account while evaluating.Accounting valuation model is used to value information as the accounting theory is used to value other assets of the organization. The value of an asset comes from two sources according to the accounting theory. The first source is the use of asset; if the asset is frequent in use and its use is beneficial for the organization, which means that the asset is valuable for the organization. Same theory applies to information assets of the organization; if the piece of information’s use is beneficial for the organization, then the value of the information is high. The other source is the sale of asset; which means that if the sale of the asset is generating enough money then the asset is valuable. The same theory applies to information; if information is more valuable, more buyers will be there and more revenue from its sale will be generated. Another way of valuation of information is market value of that information.The amount that other firms are ready to pay for the information is the market value of it. Advent of internet has allowed information to be sold as a product or paid for on a usage basis. The entire informational databases of the organization are generally not usable by the other firms. In general only a small proportion of information is saleable to other organizations for use. Information can be sold over and over again without losing value and is reusable. While the market value represents what another party is ready to pay for it, the utility model is better because it generated future cash flows rather than payment of one time only. The utility valuation of money is measured by the profits that can be derived from it in terms of future cash flows.This method is the best indicator, although difficult, because it takes into account how the information is used. The major setback of this method is that the estimates of the future benefits are highly subjective and time consuming to collect. In case of liquidation of General Motors (GM), the information in the databases of GM is not of any use to the organization. There are three types of information; administrative, commercial and confidential. The internal information such as financial budgets, employee   salaries, purchasing costs are generally not of interest to other external parties. This internal information is only for the use of internal management and other firms cannot use this information directly. Although it can be used indirectly to train the employees of the organization or in seminar sessions but it cannot be used for operations of the business.The second category of information is commercially sensitive information. Usually it is not in the interest of firms to sell this type of information to other firms as they will use it to profile customers and improve their sales process. In the case of GM, this type on information will be very vast and diverse as this company has been one of the largest firms of US. Its sales information and production procedures will be very useful for the other firms and these firms can use this information to make better decisions.The third category is confidential information which is very sensitive and the firms may be sued if this information is not kept private. In case of GM, this information will be very useful to the other firms which need this data, as they will be able to get customer data and personnel records. But this information is not allowed to be sold or passed to an external form for privacy reasons. References Boo Layton, P. Timothy. (2007). Information Security: Design, Implementation, Measurement, and Compliance. ca Raton. FL: Auerbach publications.

General Daniel Harvey Hill in the Civil War

General Daniel Harvey Hill in the Civil War Daniel Harvey Hill: Early Life Career: Born in the York District of South Carolina on July 21, 1821, Daniel Harvey Hill was the son Solomon and Nancy Hill.   Educated locally, Hill received an appointment to West Point in 1838 and  graduated four years later in the same class as  James Longstreet,  William Rosecrans,  John Pope, and  George Sykes.   Ranked 28th in a class of 56, he accepted a commission in the 1st US Artillery.   With  the outbreak of the  Mexican-American War  four years later, Hill traveled south with  Major General Winfield Scotts army.   During the campaign against Mexico City, he earned a brevet promotion to captain for his performance at the  Battles of Contreras  and  Churubusco.   A brevet to major followed his actions at the  Battle of Chapultepec. Daniel Harvey Hill - Antebellum Years: In 1849, Hill elected to resign his commission and left the 4th US Artillery to accept a teaching post at Washington College in Lexington, VA.   While there, he befriended Thomas J. Jackson who was then serving as a professor at the Virginia Military Institute.   Actively engaged in education over the next decade, Hill also taught at Davidson College before receiving an appointment as superintendent of the North Carolina Military Institute.   In 1857, his ties to Jackson tightened when his friend  married his sisters wife.   Skilled in mathematics, Hill was well-known in the South for his texts on the subject. Daniel Harvey Hill - The Civil War Begins: With the beginning of the Civil War in April 1861, Hill received command of the 1st North Carolina Infantry on May 1.   Dispatched north to the Virginia Peninsula, Hill and his men played a key role in defeating Major General Benjamin Butlers Union forces at the Battle of Big Bethel on June 10.   Promoted to brigadier general the following month, Hill moved through a number of posts in Virginia and North Carolina later that year and into early 1862.   Elevated to major general on March 26, he assumed command of a division in General Joseph E. Johnstons army in Virginia.   As Major General George B. McClellan moved to the Peninsula with the Army of the Potomac in April, Hills men took part in opposing the Union advance at the Siege of Yorktown. Daniel Harvey Hill - Army of Northern Virginia: In late May, Hills division played a central role in the Battle of Seven Pines.   With the ascent of General Robert E. Lee to command of the Army of Northern Virginia, Hill saw action during the Seven Days Battles in late June and early July including Beaver Dam Creek, Gaines Mill, and Malvern Hill.   As Lee moved north following the campaign, Hill and his division received orders to remain in the vicinity of Richmond.   While there, he was tasked with negotiating an agreement for the exchange of prisoners of war. Working with Union Major General John A. Dix, Hill concluded the Dix-Hill Cartel on July 22.   Rejoining Lee following the Confederate victory at Second Manassas, Hill moved north into Maryland. While north of the Potomac, Hill exercised independent command and his men comprised the armys rearguard as it moved north and west.   On September 14, his troops defended Turners and Foxs Gaps during the Battle of South Mountain.   Three days later, Hill performed well at the Battle of Antietam as his men turned back Union assaults against the sunken road.   Following the Confederate defeat, he retreated south with his division serving in Jacksons Second Corps.   On December 13, Hills men saw limited action during the Confederate victory at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Daniel Harvey Hill - Sent West: In April 1863, Hill departed the army to begin recruiting duty in North Carolina.   Following the death of Jackson after the Battle of Chancellorsville a month later, he was irritated when Lee did not appoint him to corps command.   After protecting Richmond from Union efforts, Hill instead received orders to join General Braxton Braggs Army of Tennessee with the provisional rank of lieutenant general.   Taking command of a corps consisting of the divisions of Major Generals Patrick Cleburne and John  C. Breckinridge, he led it effectively at the Battle of Chickamauga that September.   In the wake of the triumph, Hill and several other senior officers openly expressed their unhappiness with Braggs failure to capitalize on the victory.   Visiting the army to resolve the dispute, President Jefferson Davis, a longtime friend of Bragg, found in the commanding generals favor.   When the Army of Tennessee underwent a reorganization, Hill was intentionally left without a comma nd.   In addition, Davis decided not to confirm his promotion his promotion to lieutenant general. Daniel Harvey Hill - Later War: Reduced to major general, Hill served as volunteer aide-de-camp in the  Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia in 1864.   On January 21, 1865, he assumed command of the  District of Georgia, Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.   Possessing few resources, he moved north and led a division in Johnstons army during the final weeks of the war.   Taking part in the Battle of Bentonville in late March, he surrendered with the rest of the army at Bennett Place the following month.    Daniel Harvey Hill - Final Years: Settling in Charlotte, NC in 1866, Hill edited a magazine for three years.   Returning to education, he became president of the University of Arkansas in 1877.   Known for his effective administration, he also taught classes in philosophy and political economy.   Resigning in 1884 due to health issues, Hill settled in Georgia.   A year later, he accepted the presidency of the  Georgia Agriculture and Mechanical College.   In this post until August 1889, Hill again stepped down due to ill health.   Dying at Charlotte on September 23, 1889, he was buried at the Davidson College Cemetery. Selected Sources: Civil War: Daniel Harvey HillCMHLC: Daniel Harvey HillNorth Carolina History Project: Daniel Harvey Hill

Discussing the historical significance of Jerusalem essays

Discussing the historical significance of Jerusalem essays Discussing the historical significance of Jerusalem Jerusalem holds quite a significant portion of religious history. Not only for Christians but Muslims and Jews as well. Jerusalem (in Hebrew called Yerushalayim; in Arabic Al Quds), is a city lying at the intersection of Israel and the West Bank, found between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea, about 50 kilometers southeast of the Israeli city of Tel Aviv-Yafo. Jerusalem is composed of two distinct sections: West Jerusalem and East Jerusalem. West Jerusalem, which is inhabited almost entirely by Jews, has been part of Israel since Israel was established in 1948. Jordan between 1949 and the Six-Day War of 1967 held East Jerusalem, which has a large Palestinian Arab population and recently constructed Jewish areas. During the war, East Jerusalem was captured by Israel, which has administered it since. Israel claims that all of Jerusalem is its capital, but Palestinians dispute the claim and the United Nations has not recognized it as such. Jerusalem is Holy to the Arab part of the East because of the Dome of the Rock. The Dome of The Rock is supposedly the place where Muhammad, the centre figure of Islam, rose to heaven with the angel Gabriel and spoke with God. When he came down he started to preach the new religion Islam. The City of Jerusalem is Holy for the Christians because that is the place where Jesus, the Son of God, preached his beliefs and died in Jerusalem. Finally the city of Jerusalem is Holy for the Jews because it is their political and religious centre since biblical times. Also the Jews have the Wailing Wall, on the east side of the city, which they consider very important to their religion. It is interesting that Jerusalem is also known as the city of three Sabbaths, the Muslim, which is a Friday, the Jewish, which is on Saturday, and the Christian, which as we all know is on Sunday. In the Arab-Israeli war (1948) the city of Jerusalem was divided in tw...

Book Review on Mirage by Cynthia Barnett Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Book Review on Mirage by Cynthia Barnett - Essay Example S. through a combination of historical storytelling as well as exploring the issues from a technical perspective. The author is a renowned journalist with expertise in freshwater supply problems in the eastern United States. The book reflects the author’s ideas that greed and an overarching urge to develop new frontiers led Americans to exploit the eastern water system to sustain new activities such as larger populations and agriculture. Analysis and Evaluation Barnett traces the evolution of the current freshwater supply problem and blames human greed squarely for the resulting squalor. The author tends to blame historical titans such as Walt Disney and the Rosen brothers for wasteful development but it must be realized that these developments can be best analyzed in terms of their historical context. The development of the railroad and agricultural land in Florida closely resembled activities taking place nationwide in the Gilded Age. Expecting people from the late nineteent h century to anticipate modern problems of prodigal water use is asking for a bit too much. The wasteful attitude of the Floridians in general has also been brought into question such as the useless consumption of freshwater spurred by golf courses all over the state. Even with an abundant water supply, Florida faces water shortage by 2020 due to water expenditure on agriculture, urbanization and golf courses. The role of water as a political tool has been questioned as well by the author (Barnett, 2007, p. 44): â€Å"Those who control water control the destiny of a place and its people.† Barnett’s stance that most of Florida’s current water problems emanate from wasteful consumption is largely justified and can also be proven in fact. The author adeptly traces the political relationships between freshwater supply and globalization, population booms and real estate development. The role of the Army Engineer Corps has been presented as both positive and negative – the drainage of the Everglades produced ecological problems and changes in weather patterns (Barnett, 2007, p. 58) but the associated structures helped saved the lives of people living in Florida. This remains a unique perspective on the issue and tends to trigger an ontological egg and chicken debate on the role of the Army Engineer Corps. The author contends that the role of the Army Engineer Corps is debatable, yet it cannot be denied that their actions set in motion the current ecological failure of the Everglades and wetlands. Barnett blames both scientists and non scientific factions for causing water supply problems. The non scientific factions are able to bypass laws and continue with real estate and agricultural development while scientific factions are unable to counter these moves (Barnett, 2007, p. 64). A quick look at history and contemporary national and global politics reveals that scientists or green thumbs have been unable to stop the march of consumption ( Lind, 2013). The author tends to over assume the role and influence of scientists in any given governmental structure. Tradition proves that scientific opinion has been unable to stem the growth of personal vested interests and Barnett’s stance on the issue is unjustified. The author’s investigation of Bob Graham and his family’s role in the current crisis also deserves praise. Graham’s family has been criticized for exacerbating the situation by sugar farming, cattle ranching and urbanization based

Online Start-Up Plan (MAKING MONEY ONLINE) Essay

Online Start-Up Plan (MAKING MONEY ONLINE) - Essay Example Committed to customer service, the ABC Company will offer its clients the type of service that is courteous as well as punctual. Employees of the company will as well be treated in a proficient behaviour with a satisfying working atmosphere along with fair compensation. The ABC Company wants every customer to feel as though he or she has gotten a first class service at a bargain price. Objectives 1. To offer a extensive variety of commodities at affordable prices 2. To attain a good profit margin during the first year 3. To attain a modest net profit by the end of second year 4. To be a dynamic as well as vocal member of the society, and offer constant re-investment by means of contribution in community actions as well as monetary involvements Keys to Success In order to achieve something and to attract more customers in this business the ABC Company must: 1. Sell an extensive collection of products 2. Offer products and service in a manner that give 100% satisfaction to the customer s 3. Be an dynamic part of the society 4. Promote input from customers The E-Business Model The business model used by the company is affiliate marketing. Affiliate marketing (Lindahl & Rozek, p. 76, 2010) has been a very successful business model and there are many reasons for this. One does not have to have the personal product; there are little funds needed for getting started, and the vendor takes care of all the issues. Another positive part of affiliate marketing is that there are a lot of products and services you can pick from market.  For any interest, passion, or area in which someone has knowledge, there are products and services he can advertise, which makes it more appealing (Lindahl & Rozek, p. 109, 2010).  The first step company should take is to choose a suitable niche. By choosing a niche, it will be much convenient to write articles, web pages, blog posts, as well as other content essential to endorse the product. Therefore, in general it makes a great internet business model. The difficulty is that, like some other online business, it does need a large amount of time as well as dedication to make a start. However, once up and running the attempt is worth it. Nonetheless, as with any business, there is no such option of ‘getting rich quickly’. You are required to put in the time as well as effort in order to start getting benefits (Lindahl & Rozek, p. 76, 2010). Operational Issues Two significant chores facing risk managers are decisions regarding the assessment of loss and risk financing. In the quantification of risk or financial impact, sophisticated risk models can support if the correct efforts, as well as indicators are provided. Loss as well as denial of service will call for a business impact analysis in addition to the development of a network stability plan to correctly measure the potential for financial loss and lessen the severity of such a loss. Other risks will need significant evaluation if public records asso ciated to cybercrime and cyber attacks has been mainly subjective or based on unknown surveys. In addition, estimations of possible losses associated to Internet-based technologies must take into consideration the developing and indecisive universal legal and regulatory setting. Risk evaluations based only on direct revenues from

Iranian Revolution of 1979 and its Impact on the Middle East Essay Example for Free

Iranian Revolution of 1979 and its Impact on the Middle East Essay Iranian Revolution is described as the events which involved in overthrow of the Iran’s monarchy, which was under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and afterward replacement with Islamic republic by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini who was the leader of the revolution (Abdelnasser, 1997). It is known as 1979 Revolution or Islamic Revolution. The 1979 revolution is said to have been a nationalist, Shi’a Islamic and populist revolution, which replaced monarch with theocracy guided by Islamic jurists (Abdelnasser, 1997). Shah Mohammad Reza regime collapsed in early 1979 and marked the end of monarchial rule in Iran for more than 450 years. The origin of Iranian revolution can be traced back to the coup deter of 1953 which was against the front leader of the nation and the prime minister or the 1963 abortive uprising which was sparked by Ayatollah Khomeini arrest. The reason of Iran leader Mohammad Reza to be overthrown is subject of the historical debate. The Iranian revolution was to some extend a backlash conservative against the secularizing and westernizing efforts of the Shah who was backed by the western nations especially the Americans. The shah also had no conservative reaction to the social injustice as well as to other ancient regime shortcomings. Many Iranians perceived the Shah as being a puppet of the western power who were non-Muslims and who had culture, which was contaminating the culture of Iran (Salehi, 1988). The Shah regime was seen by the Iranians as being oppressive, corrupt, extravagant and brutal. The regime suffered from functional failures since the economic programs were overly ambitious and thus brought inflation, shortages and economic bottlenecks. The Iranian revolution is said to have been unique since it surprised the whole world. The surprise was because the revolution overthrew regime, which had support of many nations internationally and also which was protected heavily by lavishly financed security and army services (Amuzegar, 1991). Furthermore the revolution was conducted by unarmed demonstrators and crumbled the regime in duration of months. The revolution customary causes include: war defeat, peasant rebellion, financial crisis and disgruntled military (Ganji, 2002). Other causes of the revolution include policy of the Iran Shah and his policy mistakes. The shah strong westernization policy as well as his close identification with the United States of America is one factor which mainly caused the revolution (Gabriel, 1998). This included the allied powers original installation of the Shah as well as the CIA assistance to restore him in the power in 1953. In addition, the shah had many US military technicians and advisers and also was granted diplomatic immunity for them not to prosecute him. This led to the nationalist Iranians irrespective of their religion, to consider this Shah as the American puppet. Another cause of the revolution was the Islamic tradition unpopular disregard in the year 1976. The shah changed the calendar from Islamic to imperial, marking the Cyrus birthday to be the first day, where as is supposed to be the day on the flight of prophet Muhammad to Medina from Mecca (Ganji, 2002). The year overnight to 2535 from1355. The revolution was also caused by the policies of the shah rule, which was said to have corruption, extravagance and elitism and also the people did not like the shah royal court. Furthermore, the Shah failed to cultivate leadership supporters of the Shia religion who could have encountered the campaigns by Khomeini against him. Failure of the overly ambitious economic program in 1974, which was to meet the expectations brought by the windfall of the oil revenue, was also another cause (Daniel, 2001). In 1977-78, the Iran experienced a short but sharp economic contraction period which followed a considerable economic growth period and according to Crane Brinton who is a revolution scholar, situation like that create much disappointment larger than if the people were left all long in poverty. Shah also was focusing on government repression and surveillance on the Iran people’s Mujahedin, the communist Iran Tudeh party as well as other groups of leftist, while the religious opposition who were more popular grew, organized, and gradually started undermining the regime authority. Shah also had tendencies of authoritarian that violated constitution of Iran of 1906. This included dissent repression by security services such as the SAVAK, and then followed by appearance and appeasement of weakness while the revolution was gaining momentum (Amuzegar, 1991). The people of Iran exercised Alex de Tocqueville idea, which he stated that, when people who have been put up under oppressive rule for a long time without any protest over a sudden finds that the government pressure is relaxing, they join arms against it (Abdelnasser, 1997). Inflation, bottle necks and shortages followed by black markets, attacks on the alleged gougers of price and also the austerity measures, which angered the bazaar as well as the masses influenced the revolution. In addition, Shah antagonized former political Iranians, in particular the bazaar merchants by creating single party to have political monopoly, and this party had compulsory dues and membership (Ganji, 2002). This shah also generally had aggressive interference on the economic, political and concerns of religion on people’s lives. The Iranian shah had started having overconfident neglect in his governance and also had preoccupation of playing the statesmen of the world during oil boom, which followed a loss of his resolution and self confidence. Also his health had been weakened by cancer by the time the revolution was gaining momentum. The terminal illness of the shah was secret for a time, but he knew he was to die due to cancer; his medication on the other hand made him to be listless and depressed. Furthermore, several of his closest advisers had for the time died, and the personnel of palace had been fired in large number during the 1978 summer. The Shah had also underestimated the opposition strength and more especially the religious opposition (Salehi, 1988). The efforts to please and convince the opposition were too little and untimely even if no counter-attack efforts were made against the revolutionaries. His failure to train and prepare his security forces to deal with demonstration and protest also lead to the success of the revolution. His failure to control the crowd without using excessive force since the troops used live ammunition rather than the using water cannons or Plexiglas led to the revolution. The military officers also was used as power base who were to be pampered rather than using them as force for controlling security threats. Furthermore, the shah government had a personalized nature and he much prevented any possible or potential competitor to the trumped efficient of the monarch and also effective government. This led to crown cultivation of the divisions within political elite and the army and ultimately, the regime lack of support by its allies by the time he most needed them since many Iranians had left the country at the time when the revolution was beginning (Khomeini, 2010). The monarch government used to take governmental matters as personal interests, used to discourage initiatives by the frequent dismissal from office and also their overruling, and also their refusal to allow cooperation of officials in fear of the regicidal conspiracies. The shah was careful when meeting his generals and top aides individually and in his absence; the whole system could not be able to function. This made the revolution to take place and succeed efficient. The revolution had several impacts in the Iran country and the Middle East at large. First the revolution led to anew peoples governance which was to be guided by Islamic laws. The officials of American embassy were taken on hostage and Mr. Bazargan resigned. Khomeini established revolutionary guard to be counter weight of both the left armed groups as well as to the military of Shah. The guard with time grew to a military force at a full-scale and also became the revolution strongest institution. People serving under Pasdaran were the most oppressed mobilization known as Baseej-e Mostazafin who were volunteers in every activity starting from management of earthquake emergency to attacking newspaper offices and opposition demonstrators (Amuzegar, 1991). Thousands of revolutionary committees acted as the ears and eyes for the new found regime and were criticized for their arbitrary arrests and executions as well as property confiscations. Also, the regime wills enforcement was done by the Hezbollahi who were known as God party and they were strong-arm thugs whose role was to attack newspaper offices and demonstrators. Two political parties were formed after the fall of Shah Regime and were later suppressed by the pro-Khomeini group. These parties were, moderate religious group known as Muslims People’s Republican Party (MPRP) associated with the Mohammad Kazem and the other group was National Democratic Front (NDF) (Gabriel, 1988). Soon after the government of Khomeini, referendum was conducted as whether to replace the monarchy system and replace it with Islamic republic and 98. 2%voted for the favor of the referendum (Abdelnasser, 1997). Khomeini then declared the government should have 100%base on Islam. In addition, new constitution provided jurist rule to have powerful post, which should control security services and the military as well as to appoint judicial and top government officials (Khomeini, 2010). Khomeini also increased cleric’s number in the guardian council and their power and granted it control over legislature passed laws as well as the elections. One year after the revolution, Saddam Hussein invaded Iran with an attempt of taking advantage of the Iran revolutionary chaos as well as destroys the revolution when it is still young. Iran was then galvanized and people of Iran rallied behind the Khomeini government to help stop and reverse advance of Iraq. After another two years, Iran regained their land which had been lost in the invasion. Just like hostage crisis, the Iran war served as opportunity for the new regime to make stronger the revolutionary groups as well as the Islamic revolutionary at expense of the remaining turned-opponent allies (Amuzegar, 1991). While destructive and enormous costly, the Iran war rejuvenated drive for Islamic revolution and national unity as well as inhabiting fractious dispute and debate in the country. Shortly after the constitution election, several news papers, magazines and writing assembly opposing the idea of Khomeini, jurist theocratic rule, were made to shut down. When the NDP organized for the protests, Khomeini denounced them and said they thought they were dealing with people but now there is evidence that they are not. He further said that after each revolution, corrupt elements are supposed to be executed to the public and be burned (Ganji, 2002). He said they have not been given authority to publish the newspapers. After that speech, several people were injured and harmed by clubs, chains, iron bars and rocks when they were attacked by the Hezbollahi and shortly afterwards, a warrant was given for the NDF leader arrest. In December 1979, Islam party MPRP under its leader Shariatmadari had now become a rallying point of the Iranians who did not want theocracy but wanted democracy. Riots in Shariatmadari home area broke out and the followers of shariatdari and the members of MPRP seized the television station of Tabriz and used it to broadcast grievances and demands. The new regime reacted quickly and sends the revolutionary guards to take the station, the mediators to make diffusion of the complaints whereas the activists to stage counter demonstration of pro-Khomeini. In 1980, under leadership of Bansidr, universities in the country were closed to purge opponents of the theocratic rule in the nation as a part of Cultural Revolution. 8,000 military officers and 20,000 teachers were dismissed out of work since they were deemed to be westernized. In 1981, the office of IRP was bombed and seventy high-ranking officers were killed which included cabinet ministers as well as the parliament members (Ganji, 2002). Thousands of people were arrested and also hundreds of them were executed. In conclusion, the revolution of Iran even if it brought change to a new governance, the existing government seems to be the one which was promoting social unity between the people of Iran with other people of different nations. The constitution which was brought by this new government divided people and planted enmity in the society of Iran. American foreign policy on Iran changed with the new Iran Government taking a hardliner stance.

Analysis of Death of Ivan Ilych Essay -- essays research papers

Letting Pain Be   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To many individuals the word â€Å"progress† has a positive meaning behind it. It suggests improvement, something humans have been obsessed with since the dawn of society. However, if closely examined, progress can also have a negative connotation as well. While bringing improvement, progress can simultaneously spark conformity, dependency, and the obsession of perfection within the individuals caught in its midst. It is this aspect of progress within modern society that negatively affects Ivan Ilych, Leo Tolstoy’s main character in The Death of Ivan Ilych. Ivan’s attempt to conform to modern society’s view of perfection takes away his life long before he dies. Furthermore, his fear of death and reactions towards it reflects modern society’s inability to cope with the ever present reminder that humans still suffer and die, despite all attempts to make life painless, perfect, and immortal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although we as a society have advanced and made people’s lives easier, our mental suffering is as present as ever, due to our incessant need to have everything perfect. We seem to forget that the fascination of living comes from the imperfect and the unexpected. In her essay â€Å"On the Fear of Death† Elisabeth Kubler-Ross suggests that the modern age, while increasing life span and ease of life, has at the same time given way to a â€Å"rising number of emotional problems,† amongst the living (Ross 407). She also suggests that because of modern society’s progress, there has been an increased anxiety towards death. While Ross is writing for twentieth century society her ideas apply to the nineteenth century as well, when Tolstoy wrote The Death of Ivan Ilych.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ivan Ilych is living during the industrial revolution, a time of technological advancement, that mainly advances the upper class, which he is apart of. Ivan’s number one priority in life is to be comfortable and to do the correct thing at all times. Every decision he makes, including who he chooses to marry, is with the intent that it does not damage his â€Å"easy, agreeable, and always decorous character of his life,† (Tolstoy 213). Ivan is convinced that the best way to have an easy and agreeable life is to be wealthy, marry a woman from his own class, and live in a house full of modern conveniences and luxury. Ironically, it... ...roduction of Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, Vol. 44 it is stated that â€Å"Ivan Ilych’s passage from life to death also entails a passage from falseness to truth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (326). One could also look at this in a different light. From a physical perspective Ivan does go from life to death, from perfection to imperfection, but from a spiritual perspective it is actually the opposite. It takes the death of Ivan’s physical self to finally see what is important, his spirituality, his ‘divine spark.’ This, he finally realizes, is what true perfection is. Hence, Ivan is able to see past the falseness of conformity in the end and no longer fear death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his last moments of life, Ivan sees light instead of death. His final audible words are â€Å"What joy!† despite the pain he feels. This epiphany that he has happens in a single moment and in a sense makes him finally come alive. Thus, right before his final breath Ivan is able to say to himself â€Å"Death is finished, it is no more!† Death no longer has a hold on him because the quest of perfection no longer does. Ivan has finally decided, after a lifetime of denying it, to â€Å"let the pain be.†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Analysis of Death of Ivan Ilych Essay -- essays research papers Letting Pain Be   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To many individuals the word â€Å"progress† has a positive meaning behind it. It suggests improvement, something humans have been obsessed with since the dawn of society. However, if closely examined, progress can also have a negative connotation as well. While bringing improvement, progress can simultaneously spark conformity, dependency, and the obsession of perfection within the individuals caught in its midst. It is this aspect of progress within modern society that negatively affects Ivan Ilych, Leo Tolstoy’s main character in The Death of Ivan Ilych. Ivan’s attempt to conform to modern society’s view of perfection takes away his life long before he dies. Furthermore, his fear of death and reactions towards it reflects modern society’s inability to cope with the ever present reminder that humans still suffer and die, despite all attempts to make life painless, perfect, and immortal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although we as a society have advanced and made people’s lives easier, our mental suffering is as present as ever, due to our incessant need to have everything perfect. We seem to forget that the fascination of living comes from the imperfect and the unexpected. In her essay â€Å"On the Fear of Death† Elisabeth Kubler-Ross suggests that the modern age, while increasing life span and ease of life, has at the same time given way to a â€Å"rising number of emotional problems,† amongst the living (Ross 407). She also suggests that because of modern society’s progress, there has been an increased anxiety towards death. While Ross is writing for twentieth century society her ideas apply to the nineteenth century as well, when Tolstoy wrote The Death of Ivan Ilych.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ivan Ilych is living during the industrial revolution, a time of technological advancement, that mainly advances the upper class, which he is apart of. Ivan’s number one priority in life is to be comfortable and to do the correct thing at all times. Every decision he makes, including who he chooses to marry, is with the intent that it does not damage his â€Å"easy, agreeable, and always decorous character of his life,† (Tolstoy 213). Ivan is convinced that the best way to have an easy and agreeable life is to be wealthy, marry a woman from his own class, and live in a house full of modern conveniences and luxury. Ironically, it... ...roduction of Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, Vol. 44 it is stated that â€Å"Ivan Ilych’s passage from life to death also entails a passage from falseness to truth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (326). One could also look at this in a different light. From a physical perspective Ivan does go from life to death, from perfection to imperfection, but from a spiritual perspective it is actually the opposite. It takes the death of Ivan’s physical self to finally see what is important, his spirituality, his ‘divine spark.’ This, he finally realizes, is what true perfection is. Hence, Ivan is able to see past the falseness of conformity in the end and no longer fear death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his last moments of life, Ivan sees light instead of death. His final audible words are â€Å"What joy!† despite the pain he feels. This epiphany that he has happens in a single moment and in a sense makes him finally come alive. Thus, right before his final breath Ivan is able to say to himself â€Å"Death is finished, it is no more!† Death no longer has a hold on him because the quest of perfection no longer does. Ivan has finally decided, after a lifetime of denying it, to â€Å"let the pain be.†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Festival “Woodstock Essay

Introduction: The colorful history of the human services agency is attached to a famous event in America’s history. There was a festival in 1969, and this festival was called â€Å"Woodstock.† The once quiet little town of Woodstock was becoming engulfed with young people sleeping on benches in the town’s well known â€Å"green.† People hitchhiking in and out of town, camping in parking lots and seeking out food and clothing. One member of the town, Gail Varsi realized that there was a problem. Ms. Varsi opened her home and her phone line to these people. The famous Family of Woodstock Hotline still has the same number that was Ms. Varsi’s home telephone number in 1969. Along with the help of local businesses, clergy, and residents, Ms. Varsi organized food drives, clothing exchanges and transportation back to where the young people came from. These are the roots of Family of Woodstock Inc. Today, the agency services all of Ulster County, organizing programs such as the only domestic violence shelter in the county, a teen runaway shelter, several homeless shelters, several walk-in centers(still providing a â€Å"free store† and a food pantry) and case management services for adults and adolescents. Family of Woodstock was born when a community need was recognized and addressed; continuing in this line of thinking was the reasoning for the MidWay Program. Many young people, although adults at the age of 18, were unable to live independently and did not have the skills necessary to maintain a manageable life style. Young people who were not technically â€Å"runaways,† but were homeless due to many circumstances; some were victims of domestic violence, sexual assault in their homes, some had parents who were unable to provide for them due to financial restraints, substance abuse issues, incarceration, and some just did not have anywhere to go. Many fell through the cracks, before the early 90’s when divorce became common place, opening the door for the new concept of the â€Å"blended  family† and many of these kids became unwanted as younger children. These kids were the basis for MidWay. The Kingston House was the site for the original MidWay. Family of Woodstock Inc. owns the house where the program stands in a small residential neighborhood, close to the center of the small city. The Ellenville site exists in the small, rural village of Ellenville, also in a quiet neighborhood. They are site homes to 6 adolescents, ranging from 16-20. The program is co-ed, and manages three parenting teens in each program. The length of stay in the program is 18 months, or up to 24 months if the client enters the program at age 16 in order to allow them to complete high school while in the program. There are staff members in the program 24 hours a day. The case managers are there from 9 to 5 and are available for consultation, transportation, assistance with appointments and referrals. Life Skill Managers are there from 4:30 to 9:30, for assistance with imperative daily living skills, like budgeting, laundry, grocery shopping, and other skills such as communication and relationship building. The overnight shift starts at 9:00pm and ends in the morning. There is only one staff member on at a time, which they are referred to as a â€Å"cross –over,† where the staff leaving the program provide the staff coming on the shift with a summary of events that took place on the previous shift. Clients accepted into the program are referred to local service providers for mental health and substance abuse counseling. The clients program serves as high need and may not be able to live independently. The residents sign and receive a contract upon entry of the program. Their status is tracked and discussed in a bi-weekly case conference with all of the program staff, program director, and mental health consultant to communicate the events of the program from the previous week. If a resident is doing poorly, he/she schedules a meeting with the program director to decide whether or not he/she will remain in the program. The residents are expected to maintain their house; they have evening chores, checked nightly by the two residential counselors of the program. They are responsible for the condition of their rooms. They are assisted in grocery shopping, but cook their own meals, often together because of the â€Å"home-like† environment the program strives to create. The residents also create schedules, crafted for every individual with his/her specific needs in mind with the help of the case manager. Schedules are developed to occupy forty hours a week of  residents time; that contains work, school (sometimes college, high school, or GED course)substance abuse and mental health treatment, or any combination of these. In Conclusion, the programs are run with the assumption that the staff and the program are performing the roles that parents would take in a healthy family atmosphere. The program as an opportunity for the residents to experience a healthy and supportive family environment.

The generic environments in which Akzo Nobel

This paper has being able to analysis the corporate business operations of Akzo Nobel taking an incisive look into its strategies for gaining competitive advantage.The generic environments in which Akzo Nobel operates from, such as the economic, political, technological, sociological and competitive environments have impacted in the choice of strategy adopted by the business.Giving the level of competition in the industry where Akzo Nobel operates, to maintain market lead it has operated a generic strategy that has to do with cost effectiveness. Akzo Nobel has severally utilized mergers and acquisitions to gain economic advantage.The paper also shows strategic and economic implementation by Akzo Nobel through different adopted strategic framework. Recommendations were made for ways to further strengthen the company’s operations through its adopted strategies.INTRODUCTIONAkzo Nobel organization is a world leading organization with well established companies that controls its bu siness operations, in the different areas it operates in. the organization is a diversified, multicultural and truly global organization with activities in pharma -products, coatings and chemical.The Akzo Nobel organization was founded in 1911, and has its headquarters in Arnhem, Netherlands. With its operational divisions, the organization over many decades have operated in four major divisions, these are in human healthcare products, animal healthcare products, coatings and panting, and chemical products.The organization in each of its segmental operations has been a global leader and a household name to be reckoned with. According to Narula & Hoesel, (1999:44), â€Å"Among the chemical enterprises AKZO (today AKZO NOBEL) is probably the best known of the Dutch multinationals.In its human healthcare division, Akzo Nobel operates as a technology-based company, which provides healthcare products through its extensive research, development, manufacture, sale, and service of human he alth products. In its animal healthcare products, the organization engages in prescription of medicines, veterinary products and active pharmaceutical ingredients.In the organization’s healthcare products, its human healthcare products are handled by its Organon Company. This was integrated with Diosynth in 2005 for effective operation. The animal healthcare products are handled by the Intervet Company. The Intervet business is the third largest animal health company in the world (Walker, 2004). The Akzon Nobel organization in its Pharma division has utilized both its Organon and Intervet Company’s expertise and know-how, using their technical, regulatory and product development capacities in carrying out its vaccine and other pharmaceutical activities.For example in 2002, the organization through its Nobilon Company develops and manufactured human vaccines on a global scale. The Akzo Nobel coating segment produces paints, finishes, stains, and synthetic resins for ind ustrial applications, professional painters, and the do-it-yourself sector. Its’ product area includes decorative/ architectural paint, car refinishes, liquid and power coatings for industrial use, marine and yacht coatings, protective coatings, aerospace coatings, and industrial and consumer adhesives (ibid).The third area of operation for Akzo Nobel is the chemical segment. This is made up of a mix of specialty, functional, and commonality chemical based on the production of certain segments in the chemical industry. Its products consist of pulp bleaching chemicals; specialty resins; surfactants and fatty acids; water treatment chemicals; chlorine and caustic soda; polymerization catalysts; and salt for electrolysis; other chemical industries; food applications; and consumer use (ibid).The Akzo Nobel organization is made up of 500 companies which are listed on both the Euronext Amsterdam and NASDAQ stock exchanges. The organization primarily operates in Europe, North Americ a, Latin America, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. It has a workforce of around 61,500 people and a subdivision of its business in 13 business units, with operating subsidiaries in more than 80 countries (ibid).Strategic Social And Economic AnalysisThe SWOT analysis is a veritable tool to be used in analysing the Akzo Nobel strategic social and economic analysis.

Free Essays on Team Building

, they become a part of the big picture instead of being off in their own area focusing on their immediate tasks. Management plays an important role in team building for they become more of a consultant than a pure trainer which has them more involved with the employees. No group of people will become a team without the commitment and support of executives and managers. The result is greater satisfaction for the employees and improved performance for the company. (DeVany, 1999) There can be many issues with team building if the supervisor doesn't know what their personal team players styles are. It will be very difficult to form an effective team without the knowledge of their style to enrich their performance. It will also be important for the supervisor to know the styles of their employees. This will assist the supervisor with knowing the individuals strengths and weaknesses.(SBA, 2001)The supervisor needs to ensure that they know and understand their employees commitment to the group and also their personal capabilities. This will assist the supervisors with ensuring that they are creating team building excercises that the entire group can do. All groups or teams go through very predictable phases. Knowing and understanding these phases give supervisors the confidence to continue with their team building even when one of the phases show that the employees motivation is declining. With the understanding of other employees motivation, every individual wit hin the team has the opportunity to add to the synergy of the team.(Adams, 2003) Companies today are using a variety of different... Free Essays on Team Building Free Essays on Team Building Team Building has been recongized by many companies as an important factor in assuring quality service and remaining competitive. It is the process of enabling people to reach their goal and for improving employee motivation.(Grazier, 1999) Through team building individual employees gain a sense that they are contributing to the company. In other words, they become a part of the big picture instead of being off in their own area focusing on their immediate tasks. Management plays an important role in team building for they become more of a consultant than a pure trainer which has them more involved with the employees. No group of people will become a team without the commitment and support of executives and managers. The result is greater satisfaction for the employees and improved performance for the company. (DeVany, 1999) There can be many issues with team building if the supervisor doesn't know what their personal team players styles are. It will be very difficult to form an effective team without the knowledge of their style to enrich their performance. It will also be important for the supervisor to know the styles of their employees. This will assist the supervisor with knowing the individuals strengths and weaknesses.(SBA, 2001)The supervisor needs to ensure that they know and understand their employees commitment to the group and also their personal capabilities. This will assist the supervisors with ensuring that they are creating team building excercises that the entire group can do. All groups or teams go through very predictable phases. Knowing and understanding these phases give supervisors the confidence to continue with their team building even when one of the phases show that the employees motivation is declining. With the understanding of other employees motivation, every individual wit hin the team has the opportunity to add to the synergy of the team.(Adams, 2003) Companies today are using a variety of different...

Homemade Dry Ice Recipe

Homemade Dry Ice Recipe Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide. Its extremely cold and sublimates into carbon dioxide gas, so its useful for a wide variety of projects. While its almost certainly less expensive to get dry ice from a store, its possible to make it yourself using a CO2 fire extinguisher or pressurized carbon dioxide in a tank or cartridge. You can get carbon dioxide at several types of stores (sporting good stores and some cookware stores), or you can order it online. Homemade Dry Ice Materials CO2 fire extinguisher or carbon dioxide tank.Cloth bagHeavy-duty gloves.Duct tape (optional) Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are labeled as such. If a fire extinguisher doesnt specify carbon dioxide assume it contains something else and wont work for this project. Make Dry Ice All you have to do is release the pressure on the gas and collect the dry ice. The reason you use a cloth bag is that it will allow carbon dioxide gas to escape, leaving just the dry ice. Put on the heavy-duty gloves. You dont want to get frostbite from the dry ice!Place the nozzle for the fire extinguisher or the CO2 tank inside the cloth bag.Either clamp your gloved hand around the mouth of the bag or else tape the bag onto the nozzle. Keep your gloved hand clear of the nozzle.Discharge the fire extinguisher or, if you are using a CO2 canister, partially open the valve. Dry ice will immediately begin forming in the bag.Turn off the fire extinguisher or close the valve.Gently shake the bag to dislodge dry ice from the nozzle. You can remove the bag and use your dry ice.Dry ice sublimates quickly, but you can extend how long it lasts by storing the bag in the freezer. Safety Precautions Dry ice freezes skin on contact. Be particularly careful to keep your hand away from the mouth of the fire extinguisher or outlet of the CO2 tank.Dont eat dry ice. If you use the dry ice to cool drinks, be careful not to get it in your mouth. Dry ice is not edible.Dry ice generates pressure as it sublimates. Dont store dry ice in a sealed container or it may burst.

Sales Promotion Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sales Promotion Plan - Essay Example The Product The retail business has many segments under a single banner and a brand name. It usually includes products from the food sector to non food such as clothing, accessories, and cosmetic products. The product whose sales promotion is to be discussed is for the cosmetic segment. The cosmetic segment has been growing and with the rise of retail sector it has find a place and is regarded as one of the important grooming sector. Therefore the product is perfumes and as a sales promotion manager it is the duty to promote and generate awareness about the new perfumes and also maintain the brand value of the existing brands. The perfume introduced will be promoted to both the females and males as it can be used by both the gender simultaneously and is targeted to the premium sector of the society. Hardware/Objects involved Sales promotion would be done with the help of the sales force and to monitor the sales, certain software can be used so that a track can be maintained as to how the sales promotion will be performed and also after effects. Sales force will be mainly responsible for conducting sales promotion in various malls and other places associated with the brand. Apart from the sales force, high technology hardware would be appropriate in determining the results obtained after proving a heavy discount and offers by the business. Activities Sales promotion involves variety of activities in order to promote and increase the sales. The target market is the consumers and so all the activities will be undertaken keeping the consumers in mind. Some of the activities which are often used in sales promotion targeting the consumers include discounts, increase in the product quantity, offering complementary products, issuing discount coupons and vouchers, contest, prizes, gifts and samples. For the sales promotion of the perfume, the sales promotion manager would propose for activities such as distribution of free samples where the company would provide free sa mples to the consumer’s visiting the stores or the segment in the retail outlet. The objectives of free sample are to get the consumers to make purchase of the perfume and make them as regular customers. The consumers visiting the stores would be offered a sample of the perfume and in return give their feedback. The perfume would be designed in a small bottle with attractive packaging in order to attack the customers. The free samples would be distributed in the outlets of the brands. Coupons and vouchers would be used in sales promotions. Coupons will be mainly used to target new customers to try the product and increase the value of the brand in the long run (Schultz, et.al, 1998, p.40). Vouchers are mainly used to introduce the product to a new set of consumers. The discount coupons and vouchers would include 25% off on beauty products on selected brands. By offering 25% off on beauty products, the main idea or objectives of the sales manager is to widen the target market and introduce new customers who would prove to be beneficial for the brand in the long run. In addition to the coupons and vouchers, the sales promotion manger had decided to offer complementary product with the sale of the perfume. This would induce the customers to buy the product as customers get easily attracted toward any complementary gifts or gifts with the main product. The complementary pro

Criminal Judicial System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Judicial System - Essay Example The criminal courts have also being accused of the wrongful conviction, there have been cases where courts have issued unexpected verdicts, and therefore the morale of the people has diminished. In Canada, there have been instances where the people have lodged strong opposition against the ruling of the criminal courts, as a result, 'judges in some jurisdictions being sent on a three days course on avoiding wrongful convictions' (Felix, 2006). The important factor that has to be addressed is the reasons which have been responsible for the corrupt and manipulated verdicts and the proceedings of the courts. The reasons attributed towards the failure of the criminal court in the dispersion of justice have been the over-confident statements and stands of the witnesses, there have been cases where bogus prosecution experts were hired, and therefore the dispensation of justice was halted. ... The domain of the high profile case includes the involvement and participation of the press and the police. The criminal judicial system is also affected by the public opinion. It has been observed that there have been cases where the prominent figures were accused of crimes, but because those prominent figures enjoyed good public opinion, the courts were bound to respect the public opinion, else serious communal riots could have initiated. In past several religious authorities were accused of crimes, and the evidences were strongly against them, but because the government expected that a retaliation from the local population, therefore the criminal courts were influenced and were forced to acquit the accused religious personnel, therefore there is a need to ensure not only internal transparency, but the role of the external forces should be minimal and only then the performance of the criminal judicial system can improve (Lester, 2005). Discussion The criminal justice system has empowered the prosecutor to deplore and condemn the defense, and has the right to inlfuence the verdict, and identifies the nature and severity of the punishment. The particular problem with reference to the criminal justice system has been the 'historical legacy of assimilation' (Felix, 2006), and traces of which are related 'to the impact of European assimilation'. The economic, social and political life of the aboriginal people experienced silent revolution and silent imposition of command and authority deeply influenced their behavior and practices, and therefore their life style and perspective varied greatly. The criminal justice system has failed to incorporate allowances towards such adjustment, and has undertaken ignorant approach

CATFISH - APPLYING A METHOD OF RHETORICAL CRITICISM Research Paper

CATFISH - APPLYING A METHOD OF RHETORICAL CRITICISM - Research Paper Example When evaluating the movie in these terms, it is one which can be seen as the accepted and rejected ideologies of structure that are currently within society. Justification The popularity of â€Å"Catfish† is one which continues to grow in society, specifically because of the initial responses which occurred from the audience and critics within society. The movie is important for two reasons. The first is that it shows today’s culture and the way in which it is constructed in terms of relationships, identity and technology. The second is from the reaction which occurred in society, specifically which led to widespread popularity not for the movie, but instead because of the majority of individuals which would not believe that the movie was realistic. These two constructs show that there is an important rhetoric which links to the movie and which provides an understanding of how identity is currently formed within society. A majority of Catfish’s audience were angr y with the filmmakers and with the film’s advertisement campaign. Critics were saying this is the type of film Alfred Hitchcock would direct, but this is clearly not the type of movie he would be involved in. Trailers for the film â€Å"hinted of Blair Witch Project-like-shaky-hand horror.† (Tech Cocktail). Many people questioned the documentary’s credibility as well calling it a hoax and believing it was set-up, as opposed to being a genuine documentary. Most stated that they would not be able to admit or believe that the outcome from the movie could be true or whether it was another deception from the filmmakers. Many believed that, since the film was about deception, the filmmakers also had the same deceiving commentary with the documentary. The strong debates which came out of the movie, as well as the power which this particular film had are the important elements to look at with the rhetorical criticism as well as the understanding of society and culture i n reaction to the movie. The attention which â€Å"Catfish† has brought proves that the topic remains relevant to study at this particular cultural moment because it encompasses many aspects of our use of the Internet and how it has changed not only how we communicate, but how it has changed our lives completely. With the advent of social media, sites such as Facebook have changed the world and the ways in which we communicate with others on a global scale. Catfish draws in on how the Internet, Google, Facebook and etc. can impact our lives in so many different ways. It speaks volume about our current times, specifically in regards to online dating and how it can have a negative impact on our lives. We never really stop to think about its downsides and its dangers. The Internet has made our lives so much easier and we have access to infinite amounts of information at the tips of our fingers. There is little reason for any to question the tool, specifically because it is now b elieved to be revolutionary making many blind about some of the realities which come with the use of the tool.    The Internet, online dating, and social media networks are things that a majority of the world’s population uses on a daily basis for just about everything and anything. The urgency; however, is the way in which it is

Online Shopping Essay Example for Free

Online Shopping Essay It won’t be a wrong thing to say that the present world is a digital world where the world is shrinking day by day on the screen of the Smartphone. People spend a lot more time on internet for fun and work and even now prefer to shop online. But there is a group which prefers to shop from the physical stores. What is your view? Is shopping online a better idea in today’s world? Read more:  Online Shopping Disadvantages Yes:- †¢ It is a boon for working people who hardly find any time from the busy schedule to go out and visit the physical outlets for shopping. †¢ It is just not about buying the luxuries online but now it is a platform where people look to order for groceries and other essential products required in daily life. †¢ There is a great flexibility to compare the prices when you shop online. You can visit the different websites and can then choose the best deal. †¢ There is no time restriction when it comes to shopping online. No matter where you are at the home or in office, you can buy from anywhere and anytime. †¢ When you shop online you can go through the customer reviews to get the idea about the utility and quality of the product. †¢ There is no headache to deal with the sales people who stay after you and pressurize you to buy products in the physical stores. †¢ With the help of online shopping it has becomes easier for the people to buy gifts and flowers and send them to their loved ones on special occasions. No :- †¢ The first problem definitely is of quality. You cannot touch and see the products before you buy them. †¢ Online shopping always comes with the risk of insecure online payment and the fraudulent sites claiming to sell genuine products. †¢ When you buy anything online then there is the compulsion to wait for the products for some days. You cannot get the delivery at the same time. †¢ The greatest headache in online shopping is of return policies. The return policies are not at all buyer’s friendly. Moreover it is a long and complex procedure. †¢ People are getting addicted to internet for their each and every need. If they won’t step out of the home for the simple thing like shopping also then they are at a higher risk of confining themselves to the virtual world. †¢ When you shop online then you have to pay extra as shipping costs. Sometimes the cost of the product is less than the shipping costs. Conclusion:- The coin has two sides head and tail, life has two phases good and bad, everything has its own sets of advantages and disadvantages. The only thing is that be sensible in whatever mode of shopping you use. If you do then online or physical, all are fine.

Investigating how the concentration of reactants affects the rate of re

Investigating how the concentration of reactants affects the rate of reaction Chemistry Coursework This experiment is aimed at investigating how the concentration of reactants affects the rate of reaction: The reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium will be used to investigate how different concentrations of the acid affect the rate of reaction. The gas produced from the reaction will be measured and used to display the average rate of reaction. The rate of reaction is a measure of how fast a reaction is going and how long it takes to complete. This rate is found by measuring the amount of a reactant used up per unit of time or the amount of a product produced per unit of time. For this reaction, the product will be measured, as this substance is the easiest and most accurate to measure. Scientific Knowledge: A reaction can be stimulated to go faster or slower by varying the temperature, the concentration of reactant and the surface area. For the magnesium and acid particles to react together, they must: i) Collide with each other ii) Have enough energy in the collision. 1) The particles in the liquid move around continually. Above, an acid particle is about to collide with a magnesium atom. 2) If the collision has enough energy, a reaction takes place. Magnesium chloride and hydrogen will be formed. 3) If the collision does not have enough energy, no reaction occurs and the acid particle will bounce away again. Particles need to collide with enough velocity so that they react. During a chemical reaction, the particles have to collide with enough energy to first break the bonds and then to form the new bonds and the rearranged electrons, so some of the particles do not have enough energy to react when... ...make a reaction take place. (The results from the second experiment were used in order to get a more accurate data collection.) Evaluation: For future experiments, it must be noted that the gas needs to be removed from gas syringe after each test, as this was one of the problems during the investigation. If the excess gas is not removed, the experiment begins and the results are completely out of range. It was felt that this experiment may have been easier with the aid of three people, as this would mean that there were not so many activities fro each person to record or read. In order to get a more accurate result, having recorded the measurements from the experiment, the results should have been averaged, instead of using only one set. For a full conclusion to be confirmed, more tests should have been carried out to provide enough evidence to support the argument.

How Tim O’Brien Shows the Negative Side of Vietnam Essay

In Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried, O’Brien talks about all the parts of the Vietnam War. It shows all the horrors and negative sides of the war and what it can do to men. Many men lose their lives as well as their best friends and comrades. War also changes the soldiers into something else that’s not themselves, something evil. The Things They Carried shows the negative side of war through the imagery of the shitfield, the mental affects of the war, the hatred that can be shown by each person, the way war changes people, and the loss of companions. In the shitfield one sees everything that is bad about the war. It’s dirty and mucky and it’s just depressing all around. While in the field the soldiers are bombarded my artillery fire so they have to sink into the muck to hide themselves. One of the soldiers, Kiowa, gets hit with one of the shells. Norman Bowker tries to pull him out of the muck but he cannot. All the men try to pull him out but they cannot. They lose a friend in Kiowa, who is lost and buried in the field, and it scars all the men for life especially when they try to pull him out of the muck. The loss of a good friend stings for O’Brien. O’Brien even says that he went down with Kiowa that day and he lost a part of himself in that field. Everyone lost a part of themselves there. O’Brien describes what he saw of Kiowa as he was going down under the muck. â€Å"Kiowa was almost completely under. There was a knee. There was an arm and a gold wristwatch and part of a boot†¦. There were bubbles where Kiowa’s head should’ve been† (O’Brien 168). O’Brien going down with Kiowa shows that there are other negative effects such as mental ones. The mental effects of the war are also very negative in The Things They Carried. War messes with people’s heads and Tim O’Brien shows it in his book. â€Å"I couldn’t sleep; I couldn’t lie still† (Chen 77). This is a cause of all the blood and gore the soldier has seen. And this doesn’t just speak for the one soldier who said it, it speaks for all the soldiers. The first stage is not being able to sleep, the next stage is losing your composure. Then men start to become paranoid during the war and some go crazy. Rat Kiley is a good example of this. He is a medic and he starts to go crazy. He says he hears noises in the night that aren’t there. He says that he hears the voices of the people dying at night. O’Brien thinks its from all the gore and blood he sees day in and day out and its just getting to him but either way he loses it. Rat tells someone he is going to shoot himself so he can get out of there because of an injury. â€Å"The next morning he shot himself† (O’Brien 223). Rat Kiley’s plan works and he gets to leave, but he apologizes to all the men for losing it and in turn they don’t rat him out for what he did. Not only does the war mess with people’s heads during the war but also at other times. The mental effects also extend to after the war. The awful memories of war stick with some of the men long after they return home from the war. The post war stress is too much for Norman Bowker. He finds that when he returns home that it’s not the same to him and he cannot find his place in society. He feels empty inside and ever since the shitfield he feels incomplete. The lingering memory of not being able to pull Kiowa out of the muck sticks with him. He feels that he died there with Kiowa and this causes him to be depressed. He often talks about it with his dad saying that he wishes he could have pulled harder to get Kiowa out but he just couldn’t because of the smell. Norman wrote Tim O’Brien a letter about his last book. He said it was very good book but that he should have put a chapter in about the shitfield. O’Brien finds out that eight months later Norman killed himself. Normans writes O’Brien a letter saying there was no letter and he hung himself with a jump rope. Tim O’Brien kills a man while he’s in Vietnam. He still feels the effects of killing the man and the guilt years later. He remembers it very well when his daughter asks him a question. The question was if he had ever killed someone. â€Å"O’Brien’s guilt over the man he kills comes from questions his daughter asks him about the war. He feels the sting years later† (Martin 2). O’Brien also revisits the site of the shitfield with his daughter. He starts to remember all the bad things that happened and it hurts him. O’Brien hates the bad memories; he hates a lot of things. Some of the men start to show hatred toward people who usually aren’t hateful. The men start to turn on each other in stressful situations when they would have never done it before. â€Å"Lee Strunk and Dave Jensen got into a fistfight. It was about something stupid, a missing jackknife, but even so the fight was vicious†¦. Strunk’s nose made a sharp snapping sound, like a firecracker† (O’Brien 62). The men show hatred in the fight and over nothing important at all. â€Å"In other circumstances it might’ve ended there. But this was Vietnam, where guys carried guns, and Dave Jensen started to worry. It was mostly in his head† (O’Brien 62-63). Dave Jensen starts to get paranoid and he hates Strunk for it. â€Å"One afternoon he began firing his weapon into the air, yelling Strunk’s name†¦. late that same night he borrowed a pistol, gripped it by the barrel, and used it like a hammer to break his own nose† (Oâ€⠄¢Brien 63). This just shows how hate is a part of Vietnam. O’Brien also shows hate toward some of his comrades. In a firefight O’Brien gets shot and needs help from the new medic Bobby Jorgenson, but Jorgenson freezes because he’s too afraid and forgets to treat O’Brien for shock. This causes him much more pain over the months because the wound wasn’t treated right and in time. O’Brien hates Jorgenson for it. â€Å"I wanted to hurt Bobby Jorgenson the way he’d hurt me† (O’Brien 200). Months later O’Brien and Jorgenson talk. O’Brien realizes that Jorgenson is really sorry and he can’t bring himself to say how he feels about it and just says its ok. â€Å"I hated him for making me stop hating him† (O’Brien 200). This isn’t like O’Brien to be hateful. He has become something he’s not. The war changes the men into bad things, things that aren’t themselves. O’Brien talk about how the war changes himself and his personality at times. â€Å"I’d come to this war a quiet, thoughtful sort of person†¦. I’d turned mean inside. Even a little cruel at times†¦. It’s a hard thing to admit, even to myself, but I was capable of evil† (O’Brien 200). O’Brien also talks about how one comes over innocent and but one leaves with a different identity. â€Å"You come over clean and you get dirty and then afterwards it’s never the same† (O’Brien 114). Other authors talk about how O’Brien shows the physical and mental devastation caused by the war. â€Å"Nowhere in The Things They Carried does O’Brien explain more clearly the psychic devastation wrought by wartime trauma† (Neilson 193). One sees the effect of the trauma even if the characters previous personalities aren’t kn own. The killing also has a big affect on O’Brien. O’Brien also talks about how the man he kills changes him because it is such a big deal to take a life. The author describes the soldier he kills. He describes everything from his wounds to his figure. He was a slim, dead, almost dainty young man of about twenty. He lay at the center of the red clay trail near the village of My Khe. His jaw was in his throat. His eye was shut, the other eye was a star shaped hole. I killed him. (O’Brien 203). Once O’Brien killed this man he was â€Å"broken in† to Vietnam. He no longer was clean, he was now dirty. â€Å"His first kill hastens his loss of innocence† (Herzog 133). The soldiers in the war aren’t the only ones who were changed by Vietnam. One soldier brings his girlfriend from the states to visit him in Vietnam. He has her flown in through cargo planes and brought to his camp. At first she is glad to see her boyfriend and one can tell they are in love because they spend every minute together. She begins to get curious though and wonders off camp many times to explore. Then one night she goes missing and she is gone for a couple of days. She returns with the â€Å"Greenies† or Green Berets. She tells him not to ask and not to worry about it and acts like she has done nothing wrong. This happens many other times and the soldier can tell that he is beginning to lose her. â€Å"When she begins disappearing with the ‘greenies’ and taking part in the night ambushes, she melts into ‘a small, soft shadow'† (Chen 90). She becomes something she originally wasn’t. Mary Anne starts to become one with Vietnam and she totally forgets about her boyfriend. In the end she is lost forever to Vietnam. â€Å"It becomes impossible to distinguish between Mary Anne and Vietnam† (Chen 91). Her boyfriend loses her and she is lost to Vietnam. Just one of many casualties of the war. â€Å"But in his final story O’Brien moves from his concern with moral corruption and war to one even more universally human: death† (O’Gorman 306). O’Brien also loses many things in the war. The worst part of the Vietnam War that O’Brien shows is his loss of companions and friends. The author talks many times about his comrades throughout the book. He loses many people close to him personally and physically. â€Å"There are five deaths in the novel†¦. Ted Lavender, Curt Lemon, Kiowa, Linda, and the slim Vietcong soldier† (Martin 1). The worst is the loss of his good friend. O’Brien loses his good and best friend there, Kiowa, in the shitfield. This death is the most devastating to him because of how it happened in the muck and because he was a good friend. â€Å"Kiowa was gone. He was under the mud and water, folded in with the war: Kiowa’s death actually makes him a part of the shitfield† (Chen 93). It is also very devastating because all of the men feel guilt about it because they couldn’t pull him out in time to possibly save him. Kiowa’s death is also pointless and has no purpose except to cause pain to his friends. â€Å"In the story of Kiowa’s death, we find a combination of senselessness of war with the guilt that must be carried by other† (Martin 2). This death affects everyone in the platoon but not all deaths are gruesome and ugly. An accident kills one of the young men, named Curt Lemon, and it’s described by O’Brien as an almost beautiful death. They were just goofing. There was a noise, I supposed, which must’ve been the detonator, so I glanced behind me and watched Lemon step from the shade into bright sunlight†¦.when he died it was almost beautiful, the way the sunlight came around him and lifted him up and sucked him high into a tree full of moss and vines and white blossoms. (O’Brien 70) The two soldiers are just playing a simple game and it all ends so suddenly. â€Å"He is playing a game with another soldier, a game of toss with a smoke grenade, when he accidentally steps on a landmine† (Martin 2). Lemon and O’Brien weren’t as good as friends as him and Kiowa but it was a bothersome death because Lemon was so young. â€Å"O’Brien speaks of him stepping into the light, and then the blast sucks him up into the trees†¦.what bothers O’Brien is that Curt Lemon is just a kid† (Martin 2). The death isn’t all-beautiful. O’Brien describes the mess that is made by the accident. â€Å"The white bone of an arm†¦.pieces of skin and something wet and yellow that must’ve been the intestines† (O’Brien 89). Another casualty happens because of bad luck. Lee Strunk dies in battle during a firefight. O’Brien describes the wound that Strunk gets. â€Å"In October Lee Strunk stepped on a rigged mortar round. It took off his right leg at the knee†¦.then he panicked. He tried to get up and run, but there was nothing left to run on† (O’Brien 65). Strunk didn’t die right away but not all death occur right after the accident happens. â€Å"Later we heard that Strunk died somewhere over Chu Lai† (O’Brien 66). The last death happens because of carelessness. Ted Lavender was always doped up and this in the end leads to his death. While going to the bathroom in the woods Lieutenant Cross is daydreaming and not keeping watch for enemy soldiers. While coming back from his bathroom break Lavender is shot in the head and killed on the spot. Cross never forgives himself for his death because he was daydreaming about girls and one of his men was killed. â€Å"Several incidents in The Things They Carried reveal moments when the male soldiers cannot communicate with one another† (Vernon 171). Death is only a small part of the whole picture. Tim O’Brien shows many of the negative sides of the war to the reader in ways that the reader can see how bad war is. He uses the examples of his friends dying, the whole ordeal in the shitfield, how war changes the men including the mental effects, and by showing how hateful one can become because of the stressful situations and the things one sees. O’Brien feels that he has to show all the negative sides of the war because he never wanted to go to war in the first place. Men go to war to fight battle that could be worked out peacefully and they fight and die for no reason. He feels that war is a bad thing and wants to show the reader that it’s a terrible thing and he does this very well. Even today war is a problem. Many young men are dying for no reason and it needs to stop. Works Cited Chen, Tina. â€Å"Unraveling the Deeper Meaning: Exile and the Embodied poetics of Displacement in Tim O’Briens The Things They Carried.† Contemporary Literature 29.1 (spring 1998): 77-98. Herzog, Tobey C. Vietnam War Stories Innocence Lost. London: Routledge, 1992. Martin, Paul L. 24 March, 2008. http://plmartinwrite.blogspot.com/2007/11/things-they-carried.html Neilson, Jim. Warring Fictions. Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 1998 O’Brien, Tim. The Things They Carried. New York: Broadway Books, 1990. O’Gorman, Farrel. â€Å"The Things They Carried as a Composite Novel.† War, Lit, and the Arts. Vernon, Alex. â€Å"Salvation, Storytelling and Pilgrimage in Tim O’Brien’s the Things They Carried.† Mosaic (Winnipeg) 36.4 (2003): 171+. Questia. 19 Mar. 2008 .